In our efforts to prevent HIV transmission and
improve the care of persons living with HIV we must keep foremost in mind that
we are not merely dealing with the interplay between a retrovirus and an
individual’s immune system; it’s a much more nuanced interaction. Understanding
and addressing the relevant social, economic and environmental circumstances of
our client’s lives is as important today as it was back in 1981. And
while as a nation we may have moved beyond the more blatant, headline-grabbing
forms of stigma and discrimination associated with HIV in that first decade of
the epidemic, we must continue to confront HIV-related stigma whenever and
wherever we encounter it.
Finally– and this is a lesson that we should never forget–we are stronger and
more effective when we can work together, building bridges across programs,
disciplines and perspectives. The fact that biomedical science has tremendously
advanced our ability to counter this epidemic should never be misinterpreted to
mean that other components of a comprehensive response to HIV/AIDS are no
longer necessary. Strong leadership, community mobilization, a shared vision of
success and an unwavering commitment to empowering our most vulnerable
populations must always be at the heart of our work to stop the HIV/AIDS
epidemic here in the U.S. and abroad.
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Legal barriers related to HIV/AIDS
In many countries, there are laws criminalizing
people who expose others to HIV or transmit the virus via sexual intercourse.
Supporters of criminalization often claim they are promoting public health or
justify these laws on moral grounds. However, such laws do not acknowledge the
role of ART in reducing transmission risk and improving quality of life for
those living with HIV.
The past decade has seen new wave of
HIV-specific criminal legislation in parts of sub-Saharan Africa. In Western
Africa, a number of countries have passed such laws following a regional
workshop in Chad in 2004 which aimed to develop a 'model' law on HIV and AIDS
for the region.
The law guarantees pre and post-testing
counselling and anti-discrimination protections in employment and insurance for
people living with HIV. However, it holds HIV-positive people responsible for
disclosing their status to anyone they have sexual intercourse with as well as
measures to prevent HIV transmission. If they do not, they face criminal
sanctions. Under these types of laws, there is the possibility that pregnant
women living with HIV could be prosecuted for transmitting the virus to their
baby.
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